Vehicle applicability: This diagnostic supplement covers multiple Ford vehicles and engines. Follow the application named in the source below. Some references apply to vehicles other than Mustang.
Description and Operation 1-55
Powertrain Control Software
International Standards Organization (ISO) 14229 Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Descriptions
The ISO 14229 is a global, diagnostic communication standard. The ISO 14229 is a set of standard diagnostic messages that can be used to diagnose any vehicle module in use and at the assembly plant. The ISO 14229 is similar to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2190 diagnostic communication standard that was used by all Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for previous communication protocols.
The ISO 14229 changes the way PIDs, DTCs, and output state control (OSC) is processed internally in the PCM and in the scan tool software. Most of the changes are to make data transfer between electronic modules more efficient, and the amount and type of information that is available for each DTC. This information may be helpful in diagnosing driveability concerns.
Historical Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
Historical DTCs use bit 5 (the DTC test failed at least once since last code clear) to indicate that a DTC is no longer confirmed or pending, but has failed at least once since the last time the DTCs were cleared. The bit 5 is designed to eventually age out and clear in 80 drive cycles (255 in the future). The scan tool does not allow a technician to retrieve historical DTCs unless there are no active DTCs present. This information, in conjunction with manufacturer freeze frame and snapshot data, may be useful in diagnosing a noticeable fault that did not progress to MIL status, or an extended amount of time has occurred before diagnosis, and the confirmed DTC has cleared.
DTC Structure
Like all digital signals, DTCs are sent to the scan tool as a series of 1s and 0s. Each DTC is made up of 2 data bytes, each consisting of 8 bits that can be set to 1 or 0. In order to display the DTCs in the conventional format, the data is decoded by the scan tool to display each set of 4 bits as a hexadecimal number (0 to F). For example, P0420 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1).
Original table alignment retained · Scroll horizontally if needed
Original table alignment retained · Scroll horizontally if needed
The table below shows how to decode the bits into hex digits.
Binary Bit Pattern | Hex Digit | Binary Bit Pattern | Hex Digit |
|---|---|---|---|
0000 | 0 | 1000 | 8 |
0001 | 1 | 1001 | 9 |
0010 | 2 | 1010 | A |
0011 | 3 | 1011 | B |
0100 | 4 | 1100 | C |
0101 | 5 | 1101 | D |
0110 | 6 | 1110 | E |
0111 | 7 | 1111 | F |
The first 4 bits of a DTC do not convert directly into hex digits. The conversion into different types of DTCs (P, B, C and U) is defined by SAE J2012. This standard contains DTC definitions and formats.
Binary Bit Pattern | SAE DTC Type | Binary Bit Pattern | SAE DTC Type |
|---|---|---|---|
0000 | P0 | 1000 | B0 |
0001 | P1 | 1001 | B1 |
0010 | P2 | 1010 | B2 |
0011 | P3 | 1011 | B3 |
0100 | C0 | 1100 | U0 |
0101 | C1 | 1101 | U1 |
2016 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis, Gasoline Engines, 3/2015
2016 Mustang workshop publication supplied to Mustang Atlas. Original technical text and illustrations; HTML formatting by Mustang Atlas. Source page numbering is retained for traceability. Follow the configuration, revision, warnings, and cross-references in the material. About this edition.