Introduction

0-2 Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

REPAIR TECHNIQUES

Appropriate service methods and procedures are essential for the safe, reliable operation of all motor vehicles as well as the personal safety of the individual doing the work. This manual provides general directions for performing service with tested, effective techniques. Following them will help assure reliability.

There are numerous variations in procedure, techniques, tools and parts for servicing vehicles, as well as in the skill of the individual doing the work. This manual cannot possibly anticipate all such variations and provide advice or cautions as to each. Accordingly, anyone who departs from the instructions provided in this manual must first establish that they compromise neither their personal safety nor the vehicle integrity by their choice of methods, tools or parts.

NOTE, NOTICE, CAUTION AND WARNING

As you read through this manual, you may come across a NOTE, NOTICE, CAUTION or WARNING. Each one is there for a specific purpose. A NOTE calls attention to unique, additional or essential information related to the subject procedure. A NOTICE identifies a hazard that could damage the vehicle or property. A CAUTION identifies a hazard that could result in minor personal injury to yourself or others. A WARNING identifies a hazard that could result in severe personal injury or death to yourself or others. Some general WARNINGS that you should follow when you work on a vehicle are listed below.

• ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES FOR EYE PROTECTION.

• KEEP SOLVENTS AWAY FROM IGNITION SOURCES. SOLVENTS MAY BE FLAMMABLE AND COULD IGNITE OR EXPLODE IF

NOT HANDLED CORRECTLY.

• USE SAFETY STANDS WHENEVER A PROCEDURE REQUIRES YOU TO BE UNDER THE VEHICLE.

• MAKE SURE THAT THE IGNITION SWITCH IS ALWAYS IN THE OFF POSITION, UNLESS OTHERWISE REQUIRED BY THE

PROCEDURE.

• SET THE PARKING BRAKE WHEN WORKING ON THE VEHICLE. IF YOU HAVE AN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, SET IN PARK

UNLESS INSTRUCTED OTHERWISE FOR A SPECIFIC OPERATION. IF YOU HAVE A MANUAL TRANSMISSION, IT SHOULD BE IN REVERSE (ENGINE OFF) OR NEUTRAL (ENGINE ON) UNLESS INSTRUCTED OTHERWISE FOR A SPECIFIC OPERATION. PLACE WOOD BLOCKS (4" X 4" OR LARGER) OR WHEEL CHOCKS AGAINST THE FRONT AND REAR SURFACES OF THE TIRES TO HELP PREVENT THE VEHICLE FROM MOVING.

• OPERATE THE ENGINE ONLY IN A WELL-VENTILATED AREA TO AVOID THE DANGER OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING.

• KEEP YOURSELF AND YOUR CLOTHING AWAY FROM MOVING PARTS WHEN THE ENGINE IS RUNNING, ESPECIALLY THE

DRIVE BELTS.

• TO PREVENT SERIOUS BURNS, AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT METAL PARTS SUCH AS THE RADIATOR, EXHAUST MANIFOLD,

TAIL PIPE, THREE WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND MUFFLER.

• DO NOT SMOKE WHILE WORKING ON A VEHICLE.

• TO AVOID INJURY, ALWAYS REMOVE RINGS, WATCHES, LOOSE HANGING JEWELRY AND LOOSE CLOTHING BEFORE

BEGINNING TO WORK ON A VEHICLE.

• WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO WORK UNDER THE HOOD, KEEP HANDS AND OTHER OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE COOLING FAN

BLADES!

Preface

This manual provides a step-by-step approach for diagnosing driveability, emission, and powertrain control system symptoms. Before beginning diagnosis, it may be helpful to refer to any Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) or On-line Automotive Service Information System (OASIS) information when this is available. The TSB and OASIS information is available on either the Professional Technician Society (PTS) or Motorcraft® website.

This manual is used in conjunction with the Workshop and Wiring Diagrams Manuals. The Workshop Manuals provide additional diagnostic or component removal and installation information. The Wiring Diagrams Manuals provide vehicle specific wiring information, component, connector, and splice locations.

The following is a description of the information contained in each section of this manual.

Section 1: Description and Operation

This section contains description and operation information on powertrain control systems and components and provides the technician with a general knowledge of the powertrain control system. Use this section when general information about the powertrain control system is desired.

2016 Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis, Gasoline Engines, 3/2015